Absolute+Zero

Absolute Zero
Although it is not possible to cool any substance to 0 K (or −273.16°C), in June 5th 1995, two scientists achieved temperatures very close to absolute zero, where matter exhibits (i) the Bose-Einstein condensation phenomenon (only exists at temperatures lower than a few billionths of a degree above absolute zero) and (ii) the quantum effects such as superconductivity and superfluidity.

Absolute zero is the theoretical temperature limit at which entropy would reach its minimum value. The laws of thermodynamics state that absolute zero cannot be reached, because this would require a thermodynamic system to be fully removed from the rest of the universe. A system at absolute zero would still possess quantum mechanical zero-point energy. While molecular motion would not cease entirely at absolute zero, the system would not have enough energy for transference to other systems. It is therefore correct to say that molecular kinetic energy is minimal at absolute zero. Absolute zero is a truly weird, weird world, in which individual atoms would lose their individual identities, as they would become strings, defy gravity and behave collectively as waves and where light would travel no faster than the speed of a bicycle. The average temperature of the universe due to cosmic microwave background radiation today is 2.73 K (i.e. 2,73 °C above absolute zero or -270.42 °C). Absolute zero cannot be achieved artificially, although it is possible to reach temperatures close to it through the use of cryocoolers. Laser cooling is a technique used to take temperatures to within a billionth of a degree of 0 K. (Note that 1 K = 1°C, but water freezes at 273.15 K and 0 °C. The entire scientific world measures thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is just the Celsius scale shifted downwards so that 0 K = −273.16 °C to represent absolute zero (of heat!).

**[|Absolute Zero- Nobel Prize]**
The three scientists involved in the race to conquer absolute zero (or just 0.000000001 celsius degree above zero) have shared a Nobel Prize for Physics in 2001. The whole scientific world was overcome with excitement, as this would now open the door for new research, e.g. the search for the potential beneficial uses of this discovery and further implications for quantum physics. Absolute zero is a truly weird, weird world, in which individual atoms would lose their individual identities, as they would become strings, defy gravity and behave collectively as waves and where light would travel no faster than the speed of a bicycle.

[|Nobel Prize: Absolute Zero] [|Absolute Zero] [|Absolute Zero- Nobel Prize]

[|Absolute Zero - Dream Achieved] [|Re: Superfluid helium][|Re: Superfluid helium] [|Do electrons move at Absolute Zero?]

[|Michio on Bose-Einstein Condensates] [|Michio Kaku on God] [|Michio Kaku on Teleportation]

[|Rotating Bose-Einstein-Condensate in a harmonic trap] [|Superfluid Drip] [|Light Stopper] [|Bose--Einstein Condensate] [|String Theory - (2 Minutes)]

[|C60 Melting from absolute 0 - 10,000 Degrees Kelvin] movie shows the dynamics of melting and disintegration of a C60 "buckyball" cluster, that is gradually heated up from absolute zero to a temperature of nearly 10,000 degrees Kelvin.

The temperature of the heat bath is displayed on the thermometer on the left. The binding energy of individual atoms is translated into color. The color scale on the right indicates that most strongly bound atoms are colored blue, and least bound atoms in light yellow. The camera slowly zooms out as the clusters dimensions increase during the disintegration process.

[|Scientific American Frontiers -the Secret Canyon: Range Creek in Utah] The best kept secret of American archeology is now revealed.

The human race is much older then we are being told. We are kept in the dark about our true origins. Open your eyes and open your mind.